Life cycles
Here are some examples of how life cycles change a pest.

1.	Cabbage white butterfly

• Eggs are found on the underside of leaves.
• Larvae eat the leaves but generally a crop can withstand some degree of damage.
• It can be controlled after hatching as larvae, before it pupates.
• Control of adults is not possible.

2.	Lemon Gall wasp

• Eggs are laid within the young shoots and stems of citrus.
• As Larvae grow within the stem, swelling or galls are produced.
• Young adults emerge from the gall, leaving shot-holes in the swelling, and reinfect the tree.
• It must be controlled in the larval stage, before it emerges from the gall as a young adult, by removing and destroying affected plant parts.